![]() ![]() Momentary relief from an adverse state might positively reinforce blood pressure-elevating behaviours and thus, via baroreceptor-mediated neural circuits, insidiously increase blood pressure over time, resulting in ‘learned hypertension’ 20, 25, 27, 28, 29. These observations have been proposed as a critical neuro-behavioural component in the development of essential HTN. ![]() Baroreceptor mechanisms have been suggested to explain these effects, as their intrinsic and experimentally-induced signalling has been shown to phasicly adjust pain sensitivity thresholds, alter sensory and emotional processing, decrease cortical excitability, and inhibit central nervous system activity 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. In contrast to these findings, some studies showed that higher blood pressure relates to better mood, higher well-being, and lower distress in healthy 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and clinical populations 17, 18, 19. The burden of vascular risk factors, including HTN, has further been suggested to drive depressive symptoms in ageing through microvascular brain damage 11. An increased risk of HTN has been described in patients with affective disorders 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Overall, our findings offer insights on the complex relationship between mental health, blood pressure, and hypertension, suggesting that-via baroreceptor mechanisms and reinforcement learning-the association of higher blood pressure with better mental health may ultimately contribute to the development of hypertension.īoth hypertension (HTN) and affective disorders, such as depression, frequently co-occur and have been identified as single 1, 2, 3, 4 as well as combined 5 risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, a stronger baseline association between systolic blood pressure and better mental health was observed in individuals who develop hypertension until follow-up. Interestingly, impending hypertension is associated with poorer mental health years before HTN is diagnosed. We show that higher systolic blood pressure is associated with fewer depressive symptoms, greater well-being, and lower emotion-related brain activity. Here, we resolve those contradictions and further dissect the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between mental health, systolic blood pressure, and hypertension using extensive psychological, medical and neuroimaging data from the UK Biobank. ![]() If your blood pressure exceeds the recommended values, your doctor can diagnose you with hypertension and prescribe appropriate medication.Multiple studies have reported a link between mental health and high blood pressure with mixed or even contradictory findings. high cholesterol levels (use our cholesterol ratio calculator to determine if you have one).unhealthy diet, especially one that is high in sodium.race - African-Americans tend to develop high blood pressure more often and.gender - until age of 64 men are more likely to suffer from hypertension, but after 65 this shifts to women.age - the older you are, the more likely you are to have high blood pressure.There are many risk factors related to high blood pressure: In adults, blood pressure can be considered high if it's greater than 130/80 mmHg or 140/90 mmHg, depending on the guideline.
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